It is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Most common in boys (<12 year).
Symptoms of ADHD:
• Inattention - Difficulty sustaining attention, Easily distracted, Frequent errors in schoolwork or other tasks.
• Hyperactivity - Inability to stay seated.
• Impulsivity - Responds before questions are fully asked, Difficulty waiting for turns.
Treatment: (PYQ: UPSC CMS 2025)
|
CNS stimulant |
CNS Non-Stimulant |
|
• Methylphenidate (DOC for ADHD) MOA: NDRI
• Amphetamine (2nd DOC for ADHD when Methylphenidate fails) MOA: NDRI
• Modafinil (Alpha-1 agonist) Not approved by FDA |
• Atomoxetine MOA: NE reuptake inhibitor
Alpha-2 agonist: • Clonidine • Guanfacine
• Bupropion- NDRI Not approved by FDA |
NDRI: Nor-epinephrine Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
sNRI: Selective Nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitor