Upward waves (due to increase right artial pressure)
1. a wave: atrial contraction
2. c wave: bulging of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium
3. v wave: atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve
Downward waves (due to decrease right artial pressure)
1. x wave: atrial relaxation
2. y wave: atrial emptying
|
JVP wave |
See in |
|
a wave |
Absent a wave- • Atrial fibrillation (AF)
Cannon (giant) a wave- • Complete heart block (3rd degree heart block) • Ventricular tachycardia • Junctional tachycardia (retrograde P wave) |
|
Giant v wave |
Tricuspid regurgitation |
|
x descent |
Rapid x descent- • Cardiac tamponade
Absent x descent- • Severe tricuspid regurgitation |
|
y descent |
Absent y descent- • Cardiac tamponade
Rapid y descent- • Constrictive pericarditis
Prolonged y descent- • Tricuspid stenosis |
Kussamaul’s sign-
1. Rise in JVP during respiration
2. See in constrictive pericarditis
