Anti tubercular drug

Drug name

Gene

Mechanism of action

Bacterio

static/cidal

Most common side effects

Isoniazid

(INH)

• katG
(Catalase-peroxidase)

• oxyR
(Oxidative stress
regulator)

• ahpC
(Alkyl hydroperoxide
reductase)

Inhibits synthesis of mycolic

acid in the mycobacterial cell wall

Bactericidal

• Hepatitis

• Peripheral neuropathy

Rifampin 

(RIF)

• rpoB
(RNA polymerase
subunit B)

Inhibits DNA-dependent 

RNA polymerase

Bactericidal

• Hepatotoxicity

• Orange-red discoloration 

of body fluids

• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Pyrazinamide

(PZA)

• pncA
(Pyrazinamidase)

Disrupts mycobacterial cell

membrane metabolism and

transport functions

Bactericidal

• Hepatotoxicity

• Hyperuricemia (gout)

• Arthralgia (joint pain)

Ethambutol 

(EMB)

• embCAB
(Arbinosyl
transferase)

Inhibits arabinosyl transferase,

affecting cell wall synthesis

Bacteriostatic

• Optic neuritis (visual
disturbances)

• Hyperuricemia

Streptomycin

• rpsL
(Ribosome protein
subunit 12)

• rrs
(16 ribosomal RNA)

Inhibits protein synthesis by 

binding to the 30s ribosomal

subunit.

Bactericidal

• Ototoxicity (hearing loss)

• Vestibular toxicity

• Nephrotoxicity

Fluoroquinolone

(FQ)

• gyrA
(DNA gyrase A)

Inhibit DNA gyrase

(DNA replication)

-

-

Drug

Dose

H - Isoniazid

75 mg

R - Rifampicin 

150 mg

Z - Pyrazinamide

400 mg

E - Ethambutol

275 mg