Type l hypersensitivity (Immediate hypersensitivity) |
1. Atopic dermatitis |
2. Asthma |
3. Anaphylaxis (may be cause by bee sting, drugs, food) |
4. Allergic rhinitis |
Detection of type I hypersensitivity-
1. Skin prick test
2. RIST (Radio immuno sorbent test)
3. RAST (Radio allergo sorbent test)
Type ll hypersensitivity (Antibody mediated hypersensitivity) |
Ab of recipient attack the donor RBC, leading to their destruction (hemolysis)- 1. Blood transfusion reaction |
Ab cross the placenta and attack the fetal RBC, leading to hemolysis- 1. Rh incompatibility (Erythroblastosis fetalis) |
Ab produce against the drug- 1. Drug induced hemolytic anemia (eg. Quinine therapy, penicillin therapy) |
Ab produce to individuals own membrane antigen of RBC or Granulocytes or Platelet- 1. RBC : Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2. Granulocyte : Agranulocytosis 3. Platelet : Thrombocytopenia |
Ab produce against type lV collagen- 1. Goodpasture syndrome |
Ab against desmosaomal protein that lead to disruption of epidermal intra cellular junction- 1. Pemphigus vulgaris |
Ab direct against intrinsic factor 1. Pernicious anemia |
Antibody against streptococcal Ag cross react with heart- 1. Rheumatic fever |
Type lll hypersensitivity (Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity) |
Connective tissue disorders: Result due to autoantibodies forming immune complexes with self-antigens 1. SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus): Anti-DNA Ab 3. PAN (polyarteritis nodosa) |
Parasitic diseases: Resulting from immune complex deposition 1. Nephrotic syndrome in plasmodium malariae 2. Katayama fever in schistosomiasis 3. African trypanosomiasis |
Bacterial diseases: Resulting from immune complex deposition 1. Streptococcus pyogenes: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) 2. Mycobacterium leprae (Lepra reaction type 2) |
Viral diseases: With immune complex deposition 1. Hepatitis B (arthritis) 2. Hepatitis C (arthritis) 3. Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus) 4. Dengue (arthritis) |
Others: 1. Hyperacute graft rejection 2. Subacute bacterial endocarditis 3. Serum sickness |
Type lV (Cell mediated hypersensitivity) |
• Lepra reattached type 1 |
• Contact dermatitis |